To facilitate the implementation of JPI Oceans in its startup phase, two projects were carried out providing dedicated support to JPI Oceans and its governing bodies. CSA Oceans (2012-2015), an FP7 funded project, proposed tools, procedures and structures for long-term governance and operational cooperation of the Joint Programming activities. CSA Oceans 2 (2016-2019), a Horizon 2020 funded project, focused its efforts on the implementation of JPI Oceans' Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda.